If you keep all the other settings the same, going from 0.1 to 0.3mm layers requires a 9 times increase in the volumetric rate of extrusion, so that might be taking you above what the hotend can currently cope with. What size nozzle are you using, what sort of plastic, extrusion width, temperature and head speeds? For any given settings there will be a max rate at which the hotend/extruder can melt and extrude plastic. If you hit that limit you either have to reduce the rate, or increase the capability of the hotend. That might mean using higher temperatures, a bigger nozzle, more extruder current, thermal grease around the heating element, insulating the heater block, or replacing the hotend with a different design.