D10 (also D09 & the motors) are connected to the 5A input. If the motors are working, D10 (extruder) should also be working. Things to check are the config of your firmware. If it's marlin, make sure it's set to the correct board type - use 33 for RAMPS 1.4 boards.
D08 is connected to the 11A input. If you haven't connected the 11A input up, this would be why.
Also, D08, D09 and D10 should light up small LED's on the RAMPS board when they're activated (LED2, LED3 and LED4 respectively). This is (usually) a good indication if it's working or not.
Other stuff to check: You should have 12V (or whatever your PSU is putting out) on one side of D08, D09 and D10 all the time. It should be the side marked with a + (side nearest the power connector). The FET's on the RAMPS board switch/break the ground connection, so having the 12V there is normal.