Just don't make it go to far, that's the simple answer.
Adjust the print bed size in your slicer software to be the same as your printer physical dimensions. In this case you could tell if something bad is going to happen before it actually gonna happen. Don't try to print something big on a tiny printer.
Or your printer might be configured wrong – for example it tries to go to a home position the wrong way. In this case you have to reconfigure it and that's another journey.