Batteries and power supplies have what is called internal resistance. Essentially this acts as another resistor in series with the load (your heater cartridges) and causes the supply voltage to drop as more current is drawn. Add to this the resistance of the wires and any connectors you have in your circuit and it's not that surprising that you're not seeing the performance you're expecting.
Idris
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Precision Piezo} Accurate, repeatable, versatile z-probe plus piezo discs, endstop cables, pt100, 50w heaters.